1) Laser vaporization cutting uses a high-energy density laser beam to heat the workpiece, causing the temperature to rapidly rise and reach the boiling point of the material in a very short time. The material begins to vaporize, forming vapor. The ejection speed of these vapors is very high, and at the same time as the vapors are ejected, incisions are formed on the material. The vaporization heat of materials is generally high, so laser vaporization cutting requires a large amount of power and power density. Laser vaporization cutting is commonly used for cutting extremely thin metal materials and non-metallic materials such as paper, cloth, wood, plastic, and rubber. 2) During laser melting cutting, the metal material is melted by laser heating, and then non oxidizing gases (Ar, He, N, etc.) are sprayed through a nozzle coaxial with the beam, relying on the strong pressure of the gas to discharge the liquid metal and form a cut. Laser melting cutting does not require complete vaporization of the metal, and only requires 1/10 of the energy required for vaporization cutting. Laser melting cutting is mainly used for cutting materials or active metals that are not easily oxidized, such as stainless steel, titanium, aluminum, and their alloys. 3) The principle of laser oxygen cutting is similar to that of oxyacetylene cutting. It uses laser as a preheating heat source and active gases such as oxygen as cutting gases. The gas sprayed out reacts with the cutting metal, causing an oxidation reaction and releasing a large amount of oxidation heat; On the other hand, blow the molten oxide and molten material out of the reaction zone to form a cut in the metal. Due to the oxidation reaction during the cutting process, a large amount of heat is generated, so the energy required for laser oxygen cutting is only half of that for melting cutting, and the cutting speed is much faster than laser vaporization cutting and melting cutting. Laser oxygen cutting is mainly used for easily oxidizable metal materials such as carbon steel, titanium steel, and heat-treated steel. 4) Laser scribing and controlled fracture laser scribing use high-energy density lasers to scan the surface of brittle materials, causing the material to evaporate into a small groove when heated, and then apply a certain pressure, causing the brittle material to crack along the small groove. The lasers used for laser cutting are generally Q-switched lasers and CO2 lasers. Controlling fracture is the use of the steep temperature distribution generated during laser grooving to create local thermal stress in brittle materials, causing the material to fracture along small grooves.