CNC lathe machining includes diamond tools, tool arc detection devices, cutting fluids, chip collection devices, etc. The factors that affect the machining error of diamond tools include the arc shape of the tool, the arc radius, and the waviness of the cutting edge. Generally speaking, diamond tools are trimmed into an arc shape, and the arc radius and center are detected by the tool detection device, and the detection result is input into the controller to compensate the tool arc radius for turning. If the arc of the tool is not perfectly circular or there is an error between the radius of the detected arc and the center, the shape error of the workpiece will be caused. The blade ripple will affect the surface roughness of the workpiece. When the center of the tool arc is moved to the set cutting center point, it must be consistent with the position and height of the rotating axis of the workpiece spindle; if it is not consistent, in addition to the machining shape error, it will also leave a bump in the center of the workpiece (commonly known as the belly button).

When machining CNC lathes, cutting fluid is often supplied to reduce the temperature of the cutting point and remove chips. Diamond turning is mostly supplied with oil mist (cutting oil is sprayed with high-pressure air). Therefore, the angle of the nozzle and the flow and speed of oil and gas will affect the cooling and chip removal effect. The most common situation is that chips accumulate on the diamond cutting edge and rub against the surface of the material to be cut, which in turn has a great impact on the surface roughness of the workpiece. In order to avoid chip accumulation or even chip winding during the cutting process, an additional chip collecting device can be added. The principle of the chip collecting device is to use high-pressure air to blow into the chip collecting tube to create a vacuum state. The use of chip collecting devices will disturb the air near the cutting point, and the chip collecting tube will also vibrate due to gas flow, which will cause machine vibration and affect the surface roughness of the machined parts. Therefore, in addition to paying attention to the chip collecting effect when using chip collecting devices, it is also necessary to be careful about the influence of air disturbance and vibration.